DPBioY2 - 2020 - 4.4 Climate Change
DPBioY2 - 2020 - 4.4 Climate Change
2 marks for your questions
3 marks for your reply
2 marks for submitting by
2 marks for your questions
3 marks for your reply
2 marks for submitting by
DPBioY2 - 2020 - 9.3 Plant Growth
DPBioY2 - 9.3 Plant Growth 2 marks for your questions 3 marks for your reply 2 marks for submitting by July 16th, 2020
Why does methane cause much more warming per molecule?
ReplyDeleteIs there a mathematical formula for determining the rate that a gas enters the atmosphere?
What are Milankovitch cycles?
To answer your last question, milankovitch cycles are often described as how relatively slight changes in the movement of the Earth affect our climate. The cycles were named after a Serbian astrophysicist named Milutin Milankovitch, he began investigating the cause of the ice ages in the early 1900's.
Deletehttps://www.livescience.com/64813-milankovitch-cycles.html
For your first question,
DeleteThis is because methane has the ability to hold a lot more energy (heat), giving it a higher overall Global Warming Potential compared to CO2.
https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/understanding-global-warming-potentials
to answer the second,
Deletethis is a greenhouse gas emissions calculator it explains step by step how to go through that
https://www.pca.state.mn.us/air/greenhouse-gas-emissions-calculations
1. How does sunspot activity influence global average temperatures?
ReplyDelete2. I know due to increased CO2 concentration various marine life has died but have any species/organisms thrived because of this increased CO2 concentration?
3. At the rate we are emitting greenhouse gases, how long before the planet gets too hot and becomes uninhabitable?
4. Does the melting of the polar ice caps also increase CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere?
To answer your 2nd question,
DeleteSnails and small crustaceans flourish in high CO2 enviornments.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/co2-benefits-the-ldquo-rats-and-cockroaches-rdquo-of-marine-world/#:~:text=CO2%20Benefits%20the%20%E2%80%9CRats%20and%20Cockroaches%E2%80%9D%20of%20Marine%20World&text=Beneath%20the%20waves%2C%20swelling%20levels,ecological%20dominance%20while%20dooming%20others.
For your third question,
DeleteScientists believe that at the end of the century, global temperature will rise by 4 degrees Celsius and by 2200, the Earth will now be 7 degrees warmer. They also claim that a 12 degree increase would make half of Earth uninhabitable.
This article has some really great information:
http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20151130-how-hot-could-the-earth-get
to answer the 4th question,
Deleteyes melting of the polar ice caps increase co2 concentration in the atmosphere
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/big-thaw/
1. Solar sunspots don't cause changes in global temperatures on earth. Whenever sunspots are active, solar flares occur more often near those sunspots. Those solar flares near sunspots send x rays and magnetic fields, causing geomagnetic storms. It causes no change is temperature on earth. It causes an increase in the northern and southern lights.
Deletehttps://www.weather.gov/fsd/sunspots#:~:text=Sunspots%20are%20areas%20where%20the,anywhere%20else%20on%20the%20Sun.&text=This%20in%20turn%20lowers%20the,Sun's%20interior%20to%20the%20surface.
1. What is the impact of carbon monoxide on the environment and what are the ways which it is formed?
ReplyDelete2. If carbon dioxide concentrations are increased, but also oxygen concentrations increased through the installment of more vegetation on Earths surface, would an equal ratio of O2:C02 still result in global warming?
3. Aside from Carbon dioxide, how do researches calculate the amount of methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor present in Earth's past history?
4. Does the depleting O-zone layer play a role in global warming and how?
In regards to your 4th question,
DeleteThe ozone depletion is not causing global warming but is instead a result of human activities that release pollutants into the atmosphere. Observations have shown that as a result of increased greenhouse gasses the lower part of the atmosphere (troposphere) has begun to heat up and the upper part of the atmosphere (stratosphere). As a result heat trapping gasses lead to cooling conditions in atmosphere which in turn lead ozone depletion
https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/ozone-hole-and-global-warming#:~:text=Ozone%20(O3)%20depletion%20does,into%20the%20atmosphere%20altering%20it.
To answer your 1st question,
DeleteCarbon monoxide is produced due to an incomplete combustion of fuels such as coal, oil, charcoal, wood, kerosene, natural gas and propane.
"Although carbon monoxide is only a weak greenhouse gas, its influence on climate goes beyond its own direct effects. Its presence affects concentrations of other greenhouse gases including methane, tropospheric ozone and carbon dioxide"
"Carbon monoxide readily reacts with the hydroxyl radical (OH) forming a much stronger, greenhouse gas--carbon dioxide. This, in turn, increases concentrations of methane, another strong greenhouse gas, because the most common way methane is removed from the atmosphere is when it reacts with OH. So, the formation of carbon dioxide leaves fewer OH for methane to react with,thus increasing methane's concentration. A NASA report indicates that carbon monoxide is responsible for a 13% reduction in hydroxyl concentrations and through other reactions, a 9% drop in sulfate concentrations. Sulfates are credited for offsetting some of the global warming due to greenhouse gases by reflecting incident solar radiation back to space."
https://www.safefiredirect.co.uk/Page/27/what-is-carbon-monoxide.aspx
https://esseacourses.strategies.org/module.php?module_id=170
In regards to your third question, researchers can test for levels of other gases in the same way that they can test for CO2 levels, which is largely done by testing pockets of air in ice caps. However, this seems to be less important research than testing for CO2 so it is not as often cited.
DeleteBased on current human activity, how many more degrees will the global temperature rise in the next 100 years?
ReplyDeleteWhat gives greenhouse gases the ability to trap and reflect heat?
If greenhouse gases were established on another planet, would this then create an atmosphere viable for some form of life?
1. Scientists have estimated that the global temperature will rise 3.5F in the next 100 years
Deletehttps://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/Initiatives/Climate/next100.html#:~:text=State%2Dof%2Dthe%2Dart,least%20the%20last%2010%2C000%20years.
In regards to your second question, greenhouse gases can trap heat because they are transparent to visible light but opaque to infrared radiation.
DeleteTo answer your third question,
DeleteBased off what we have learned and this website I found,
If they were able to add greenhouse gases to other planets, it would be a step towards being a viable planet for organisms to live on. In this website I found, it talks about how if greenhouse gases are added to mars it could thicken the atmosphere so it is able to hold in heat.
Here is the source if you would like to read more:
https://science.howstuffworks.com/terraforming2.htm
1. what allows for greenhouse gases to stay in the atmosphere?
ReplyDelete2. did humans speed up the process of global warming and how?
3. how do greenhouse gases increase the rate of hurricanes and other natural disasters if any?
For your third question,
DeleteIf greenhouse gases continue to unhealthily increase, then the average global temperature will also increase. This means that ocean temperatures will also rise which leads to more water evaporation, thus ultimately increasing the frequency and power of tropical storms and hurricanes.
In regards to your 2nd question,
DeleteScientists agree that humans are the primary cause for today's warming, by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide found in the atmosphere the planet has begun to heat up. Excess carbon is released when humans extract or burn coal, oil, and gas, as well as cutting/burning forests.
https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/are-humans-major-cause-global-warming
In regards to your first question, each greenhouse gas remains in the atmosphere for variant amounts of time. I wasn't able to find the most straightforward answer to this question but the warmer the atmosphere gets, the more greenhouse gas it is able to hold, making it a feedback loop.
DeleteThis is Claire.
ReplyDelete1. Why do some people claim that global warming/climate change is not caused by humans?
2. What is the Milankovich cycle and why might it play a role in how warm the Earth is?
3. What are some examples of weather patterns that might emerge as a result of climate change?
For your first question,
DeleteMany people find the subject controversial. I found a website that has a few ideas of why people don't think global warming is real.
Here are a few:
- Some people believe that the scientist over exaggerate global warming because they know they will get money from environmental groups.
- Some people don't believe that scientist can predict the future weather, when they are not always correct on the weather that is going to happen the next day.
-Some people believe that the data that is given by scientist is not always correct. This comes from the idea of scientist can be wrong.
Here is the website if you want to read all of them:
https://helpsavenature.com/arguments-against-global-warming
3. Some weather patterns that might emerge are frequency of rain or thunderstorms.
DeleteTo answer your second question, The Milankovitch cycles describe how relatively slight changes in Earth's movement affect the planet's climate.The Milankovitch cycles include: the shape of Earth's orbit (eccentricity), the angle Earth's axis is tilted with respect to Earth's orbital plane (obliquity), and the direction Earth's axis of rotation is pointed( precession) .These cycles affect the amount of sunlight and therefore, energy, that Earth absorbs from the Sun. They provide a strong framework for understanding long-term changes in Earth's climate, including the beginning and end of Ice Ages throughout Earth's history.
Delete1. Since methane is the third most significant greenhouse gas, how effective would limiting the amount of beef consumed reduce the greenhouse effect as a whole? How much of an effect would it really have?
ReplyDelete2. What type of protection can be used against the sun's radiation that could possibly be put over the earth?
3. If historic carbon levels are recorded by analyzing ice columns, does this data only describe carbon levels in places that are consistently cold year-long? If so, how does this effect the data and effectiveness of this tool?
4. Once we run out of fossil fuels, will CO2 emissions probably decrease? What effect will this have on the greenhouse effect and climate change?
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteTo answer your second question,
DeleteThe earth already has two layers, the atmosphere and the magnetosphere to protect everyone on earth from the suns radiation. These 2 shields protect the earth.
Source:
https://www.space.com/40236-earth-shields-protect-life-from-sun-one-strange-rock.html
To answer your last question,
DeleteCurrently, we are at a critical point in time regarding fossil fuels. If following the context of your question we continue to use up the remaining fossil fuels for the next 50 years, then its impact on the environment would be very harsh. Carbon dioxide would continue to remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years. It would remain there until pleat is once again pushed into the lithosphere or until it diffuses into the water and is captured in ice. However, this diffusion into the water would bring a host of issues to marine life before any antartic phase could start. Overall, it is crucial to combat the issue currently before its too late.
1. Are carbon dioxide and water vapor the compounds with the greatest warming affect because they are more of them in the atmosphere?
ReplyDelete2.How do they analyze bubbles of air in trapped ice to find the carbon dioxide concentration?
3. By looking at ancient ice, how can they tell that there were periods of warming? Because it says they found correlations of an increase of carbon dioxide concentration and rapid periods of warming. How did they find that out?
4. What are milankovitch cycles?
5. How would global warming affect the frequency of rain and thunderstorms?
6. Is there a way to speed up the making of fossil fuels?
To answer your fourth question, The Milankovitch cycles describe how relatively slight changes in Earth's movement affect the planet's climate.The Milankovitch cycles include: The shape of Earth's orbit, known as eccentricity; The angle Earth's axis is tilted with respect to Earth's orbital plane, known as obliquity; and. The direction Earth's axis of rotation is pointed, known as precession.
DeleteTo answer your sixth question, from what i looked at i dont believe their is a way to speed of the process of making fossil fuels as Fossil fuels are non-renewable . They took a very long time to form and we are using them up faster than they can be replaced - once they have all been used up, they cannot be replaced. Fossil fuels are also finite resources . They are no longer being made or are being made extremely slowly.
DeleteFor your second question, scientists can take ice sheets and drill out columns of ice to look at from these. The ice can have CO2 bubbles trapped on the inside which have been frozen for many years. With this information, scientists are able to detect the concentration of CO2 in the ice bubbles and from what time it dates back to. Hope this answered your question. https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2616/core-questions-an-introduction-to-ice-cores/#:~:text=The%20weight%20of%20each%20year's,helps%20to%20form%20glacial%20ice.&text=global%20climate%20signals.-,The%20samples%20they%20collect%20from%20the%20ice%2C%20called%20ice%20cores,of%20thousands%20of%20years%20ago.
DeleteFor your first question,
DeleteCarbon dioxide and water vapor have the most significant warming effects because their presence in the atmosphere is longer. Carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere significantly longer with 40% of emitted CO2 being present in the atmosphere for 100 years. Water vapor does not stay in the atmosphere very long, but the constant diffusion and movement allows for different molecules of water vapor to come and go frequently, thus resulting in a constant presence in the atmosphere.
1. Would using the sun as a source of energy rather then fossil fuels have any negative affects?
ReplyDelete2. As of right now, when is it predicted that it will become to hot to have life on earth? Based off data, what is the rate at which the temperature is increasing?
1. Using solar energy has negative effects like habitat loss and land degradation because solar panels take a lot of land to build solar energy farms.
DeleteIn an estimated 50 years, if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase at the rate that they are now, the amount of inhabitable land will increase and may effect 30% of the population. Temperatures from now to today can be predicted to rise from 0.8% to 19% by 2070. Here is the article I found:
Deletehttps://earthsky.org/earth/global-warming-areas-of-earth-too-hot-for-people
1) Doe the Milankovitch cycle affect the earths seasons?
ReplyDelete2) What are some carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms?
3) How does sunspot activity affect global climate?
According to the Mayo Clinic, symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning includes: dull headache, weakness, dizziness, nausea/vomiting, shortness of breath, confusion, blurry vision, and a loss of consciousness.
Deletehttps://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/carbon-monoxide/symptoms-causes/syc-20370642
For your first question,
ReplyDeleteThe Milankovitch cycle combined with the Earth's tilt has an impact on the seasons. During times of the year when Earth is further away from the Sun, the power output of small-length radiation is less. Therefore, the amount of long-wave radiation emitted back has a subsequent smaller output. While this doesn't effect the gases present within the atmosphere, it somewhat reduces the amount of heat generated that can be possibly absorbed by the greenhouse gases.