DPBioY2 - 2020 - 4.2 Energy Flow
DPBioY2 - 2020 - 4.2 Energy Flow
2 marks for your questions
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2 marks for your questions
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DPBioY2 - 2020 - 9.3 Plant Growth
DPBioY2 - 9.3 Plant Growth 2 marks for your questions 3 marks for your reply 2 marks for submitting by July 16th, 2020
1. What type of energy do deep sea creatures require in order to survive due to a lack of sunlight?
ReplyDelete2. Is heat permanently lost to the ecosystem or can be reused in some way or transferred back to an organism if it is cooler than the environment?
3. What percentage of energy is lost as heat energy between trophic levels?
For your 1st question,
DeleteMany deep sea creatures can't access sunlight as their energy source, so they get their energy from chemical reactions (chemosynthesis). However some sea creatures feed on phytoplankton.
https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/our_focus/oceans_practice/deep_sea/vents_seeps/#:~:text=Even%20without%20sunlight%2C%20most%20life,in%20a%20process%20called%20photosynthesis.
For your second question,
DeleteAccording the textbook, heat is permanently lost because organisms can not transfer it into any other form of energy. The heat will pass from warmer to cooler bodies to end up being lost.
Third question, 90% of energy is lost per trophic level. the 90% of the loss is comprised of indigestible molecules/matter(bones) cellular respiration, and heat loss.
Delete1. Why can't organisms convert heat energy?
ReplyDelete2. How do you specifically calculate biomass? Like is there a formula or what?
3. Why are there no decomposers in the pyramid of energy for an aquatic ecosystem?
To answer your second question,
DeleteOne way to measure biomass is to have the dry weight of an organism and then multiply it by the number of organisms in a given area. A limitation of this method is that it is difficult to know with accuracy how many organism reside in a wide area. There are other methods that involve greater accuracy but that is the common one.
http://acbersoza.blogspot.com/2010/08/measuring-biomass.html#:~:text=One%20way%20to%20measure%20biomass,it%20is%20an%20aquatic%20ecosystem).
1. When organisms respire some of the chemical energy is converted to energy it dissipates into the environment and is then unusable. this is because cells cant take in heat energy so heat is lost in the environment, they can convert chemical energy into other things like heat but not vis versa.
DeleteFirst question, Ok in order to answer this question I will start at the basics, heat is the movement of atoms. When released from the source atoms dissipate quickly into surrounding environment e.g the air therefore the heat energy isn't stable nor consistent in concentrations. Respectively Thermal "heat" can be be trapped or used only in the science fields because organisms themselves don't have the physical capability's to trap heat without internal damage. In addition to that the energy must be trapped at its source such as hydrothermal vents. Not to mention the adverse affects of overheating within organisms, too hot of temperatures within a organism is purely unhealthy even for bacteria. As most organisms like normal bacteria die in boiling water.
Deletelink about complications with heat absorption within humans:
https://www.bfs.de/EN/topics/emf/hff/effect/hff-established/hff-established_node.html
To answer your third question, (im not sure if this is right) but I assume as the decomposers consume the dead organic matter of all organisms on any energy level in the ecosystem, they would not have a specific place in the energy pyramid.
Delete1. Why is the biomass of higher trophic levels usually smaller than that of lower levels?
ReplyDelete2. Are there any other forms of energy besides light energy that could facilitate the processing of carbon compounds?
3. Does the percentage of energy lost differ between ecosystems and if so, how?
To answer your first question,
DeleteThere are is usually a smaller biomass in higher trophic levels because of the amount of energy that is lost in the lower levels. As the there is less energy there are also less organisms.
https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-biology-flexbook-2.0/section/6.4/primary/lesson/trophic-levels-bio
For your third question,
DeleteYes the energy lost varies because some ecosystems may have a lot of producers to harness the small amount of sunlight, which would result in less energy lost. Other ecosystems may have a lot of sunlight but little producers to convert the energy, so more energy would be lost. It all depends on the amount of sunlight, amount of producers, and amount of consumers to eat the producers.
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DeleteThis is Claire. In regards to your second question, I believe that chemical energy such as ATP has the ability to process carbon compounds as well. Radiant energy from light is largely what synthesizes these compounds in autotrophs (anabolic) but it is chemical energy that is used to set off reactions that both build (anabolic) further onto these compounds, or split them apart (catabolic).
DeleteWhat is a trophic level?
ReplyDeleteWhy are detritivores and saprotrophs not included in a food chain?
Do organisms at higher trophic levels have to eat more in order to get enough energy?
How do scientists calculate biomass?
First question, A trophic level is a class of organisms that play a specific role in the energy transfer within a ecosystem, in the regards to nutritional relationships between other organisms trophic level.
Delete2) I tried to look into it and all I could come up with is that detritivores and saprotrophs not included in a food chain because its at a higher level that we are currently learning where as people taking basic biology and little kids learn that the food chain has 5 levels, quaternary consumers, tertiary consumers, secondary consumers, primary and producers
DeleteFor your third question the answer is yes because energy is lost at each trophic levels organisms that are in higher trophic levels have to eat more in order to compensate for the lost energy.
Deletebiomass(net) = increase biomass(gross) – decrease biomass(gross).
DeleteScientists collect biomass by measuring the biomass in a quadrat. It is best to measure the net biomass by measuring it over a time period.
To answer your second question,
DeleteI think I found something that might help. I think that they might be considered as the decay process because they breakdown dead matter.
Here is the source I found: https://sciencerifi.co.uk/Content%20pages/Biology/Food%20Chains%20and%20Webs.html
1.What is the primary energy source for terrestrial ecosystems?
ReplyDelete2.What is the average net primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems? (percentage form) and explain the areas of net loss.
3.Which is the most productive ecosystem in regards to the primary level? Why?
4.What is the role of apex predators in ecosystems?
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DeleteFor your first question,
DeleteLike more ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems primary source of energy is the sun, which is converted into chemical energy via producers.
Most*
Delete4) Apex predators are very important as they keep balance in the ecosystem as they keep prey populations down, however too many apex predators in one ecosystem can case a dwindling number of the prey
DeleteTo answer your 3rd question,
DeleteTropical rain forests, swamps, and marshes have the highest net primary productivity.
https://www.britannica.com/science/net-primary-productivity#:~:text=The%20highest%20net%20primary%20productivity,the%20lowest%20occurs%20in%20deserts.
1. Can someone explain to me how an energy pyramid flows?
ReplyDelete2. How to calculate biomass?
3. how do fires occur naturally? what energy conversion is happening?
4. what ecosystems produce the most natural fires? why?
First question,
DeleteEnergy flows upwards towards the top consumers and 10% of energy transfers up to the next trophic level.
This is Claire. In regards to your second question, biomass is the amount of organic tissue in a given area so the initial number is just that. What is significant to scientists is how biomass in an ecosystem changes over time, for which there is a specific formula to calculate. Here is a resource I found with further explanation: https://sciencing.com/biomass-calculated-5526995.html
Delete3rd question, Fires occur naturally by mostly lightning. Other natural causes are volcanic lava, meteors. The energy conversion that is happening is chemical energy to heat and light energy.
DeleteThis is Claire. In regards to your fourth question, grasslands (especially when grass is dry) are the ecosystems that catch fire most easily. Natural wildfires are usually started when lighting strikes plants and the fire is then spread from plant to plant. This is because fire needs oxygen and a source of fuel. Organic compounds in grass can be this fuel and the oxygen of the environment also contributes to the spread.
Delete1. What is biomass?
ReplyDelete2. How is biomass lost among food chains?
3. How is the high energy at the top consumers recycled back into the food chain?
For your second question, biomass is lost through each progression of the trophic levels. This is because organisms cannot not efficiently undergo cellular respiration and retain 100% of all energy from the carbohydrates. Some is released as heat into the environment. Secondly, the trophic level that absorbs the trophic level above only retains the unused carbon compounds that the organism prior did not have a chance to use it in cellular respiration. Thirdly, most organisms do not fully ingest all parts of the trophic level above, for example hair and bones. Therefore, carbon compounds and subsequently bio mass is lost during the progression.
DeleteFor your first question, biomass refers to the total mass of a group of organisms regarding the carbon compounds contained in the cells and tissues.
DeleteFor your third question, the top of the consumers have the highest trophic levels per square meter. This is because they have a direct connection to producers who are able to convert radiant energy into chemical energy. These top consumers are then further consumed by secondary and tertiarily consumers. While energy is lost through this transfer at the trophic levels, the biomass held by the top consumer is eventually passed through the food chain until the energy diminishes so far that it cannot support another trophic level.
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThis is Claire.
ReplyDelete1. How much energy is lost through heat in an ecosystem in a year?
2. How might the creation and loss of energy differ between food chains on land and those in the sea?
3. How can an organism minimize the amount of energy lost in ATP production, if this is possible?
Joelle Zipp: To answer your first question, I found a source that said "90 percent of the total energy involved." I am not sure if this is yearly but it explains it in Units and the how the calculated it with solar energy Units. Here is the website if you would like to read more:
Deletehttps://web.extension.illinois.edu/world/energy.cfm
For your second question, it takes less energy to change the temperature on land than necessary for in the water, so land is able to change temperature more quickly than underwater. This means that the ocean is a more reliable source of heat energy than the land is because its ability to hold in heat for longer periods of time.
Deletehttps://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/education/info_activities/pdfs/LA_radiative_heating_of_land_and_water.pdf
Joelle Zipp:
ReplyDelete1. How does chemical energy convert to kinetic energy in muscle contraction?
2. How does chemical energy convert to electrical energy in nerve cells?
3. What other forms of energy can be used in organisms besides heat energy and ATP to carry out everyday life functions ?
To answer your first question,
DeleteMuscles convert chemical energy into kinetic energy by the chemical bonds being broken.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/trident-boundless-chemistry/chapter/energy/#:~:text=For%20example%2C%20chemical%20energy%20is,used%20to%20drive%20the%20pistons.&text=This%20energy%20is%20transformed%20into,to%20race%20on%20a%20racetrack.
2. The chemical energy(ATP), is converted to kinetic energy when it is converted by heat and motion. Our body temperature and physical activity help with this conversion. Here is the source I found: https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/Sacramento_City_College/SCC%3A_Nutri_300_(Coppola)/Text/10%3A_Physical_Fitness/10.5%3A_How_do_my_muscles_get_the_Energy_to_perform_work%3F
DeleteTo answer your third question, im pretty sure glucose is used as an energy source. Organisms mainly use two types of molecules for chemical energy: glucose and ATP. Both molecules are used as fuels throughout the living world. Both molecules are also key players in the process of photosynthesis.
Delete1) Which trophic level gets the least amount of energy?
ReplyDelete2) What is the difference between Saprophytes and Saprotrophs?
3) How many calories is 1 ATP?
4) How do you calculate how much energy is lost at each trophic level?
To answer your third question, (im not sure if this is right) but according to Guyton, 1 ATP has ~12,000 calories (12 kcals).
DeleteTo answer your second question saprophytes are more commonly plants. Saphrotrophs are more commonly fungi.
DeleteIn response to your first question Tertiary is the trophic level which receives the least amount of energy.
DeleteFor your last question, calculating the efficiency of biomass transfers requires you to divide the amount from the higher trophic biomass level by the lower one and then multiply by 100. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zs7gw6f/revision/4#:~:text=To%20complete%20this%20calculation%2C%20we,and%20multiply%20by%20one%20hundred).
Delete1. What causes the most dropoff of energy in the food chain and why?
ReplyDelete2. What happens to the heat lost in the ecosystem.
3. Are there multiple forms of energy conversion and which one is the best
For your second question, the heat that is transferred from organisms in the food chain is ultimately lost forever in the abiotic environment. The heat is just lost when it is radiated into the atmosphere.
Deletehttps://danielaquinterobiology.weebly.com/42-energy-flow.html#:~:text=%2D%20According%20to%20the%20laws%20of,is%20radiated%20into%20the%20atmosphere.
**so sorry for being late**
ReplyDelete1. For organisms that don't require sunlight, what would be considered their primary source of energy?
2. What are some factors that affect the amount of heat that is released/transferred through organisms?
3. Can chemical energy be converted through plants and/or can light energy be converted through animals?